Skip to Main Content

Speech151 Introduction to Speech

This guide will help you locate, evaluate, and cite credible sources for your three speeches: Demonstration, Informative, and Persuasive.

Getting Started

As with any research project, the first step is to identify the kind of information you need. Knowing what kind of information you need will help you plan your research, use the right search tools, and locate relevant sources.

Your information need will be the same for all of your speeches: find sources to support the topics you present.

Search Tools

Where are you most likely to find the information you need?

Search Engines (internet browser like Google or Safari): Popular sources like news and magazine articles, government sources, videos, general internet articles. Some information may be behind a paywall, including quality news sources and sources from Google Scholar.

Library Databases: Popular sources like news and magazine articles, peer-reviewed sources, reference sources, biographies, primary sources, videos, statistics. Full text is available for thousands of database sources.

Choosing Sources for Your Research

As you research your speeches, it's important to consult a variety of sources and engage with diverse ideas. This helps ensure that your information is:

  • Accurate
  • Comprehensive
  • Balanced
  • Supported by evidence

Search Strategies

Library Databases

Choosing the right kind of database at the beginning can make your research more efficient.

Types of Databases

  • Article databases: Use when you want to find popular and scholarly sources.
  • eBook databases: Use when you want to find a lot of information about a broad topic.
  • Newspaper databases: Use for historical newspaper articles as well as current news articles about your topic.
  • Statistics: Use for finding statistics about your topic. (example: Statista)
  • Images: Use for finding images for your presentation. (example: JSTOR/ARTSTOR)

Search Strategies

These search strategies can help you in any database you use. Using the right keywords can affect how relevant your results are.

  1. Search with specific keywords (not questions or long phrases).
  2. Search 2-3 keywords at a time. Each keyword you add will reduce your results.
  3. Use quotation marks around words you want to search as a complete phrase ("endangered species").
  4. Limiters: always use the Full Text limiter. 

Strive for a list of results that is manageable so you can look through them all. If you have an overwhelming number of results, try revising your search by changing or adding keywords or applying different limiters. Revising your search might also mean trying a different database.


Internet Search Strategies

Start with a broad search of your topic, then add keywords as you continue searching.

For example:

"endangered species"

"endangered species" AND habitats

Take notes about any new keywords or ideas you identify and continue searching.

Google Search Tips

When searching Google, try these search tips for best results:

  • Use "quotation marks" for phrase searching (for example, "endangered species")
  • Search a specific domain (for example, "endangered species" site:.gov)

While searching a specific domain can be helpful, remember that the domain does not determine the credibility of the information. It only tells you what kind of website it is.

When evaluating a website for credibility, evaluate the content within the site:

  • Who wrote it?
  • What kind of expertise do they have?
  • How does it help you with your research?